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使用 httpie 在命令行进行测试

1、最基本的：

# _*_coding :utf-8 _*_import httpiefrom http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServerclass RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):    '''处理请求并返回页面'''    # 页面模板    Page = '''\                        
Hello, web!
                    '''    def do_GET(self):        self.send_response(200)        self.send_header("Content-type","text/html")        self.send_header("Content-length",str(len(self.Page))) #字符串类型        self.end_headers()        self.wfile.write(self.Page.encode())if __name__ == '__main__':    print("server start...")    serverAddr = ('',9999) #链接不上可能是端口号被占用 换个试试    server = HTTPServer(serverAddr,RequestHandler)    server.serve_forever()

2、封装创建page,发送报文的方法

# _*_coding :utf-8 _*_import httpiefrom http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServerclass RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):    '''处理请求并返回页面'''    # 页面模板    Page = '''                                    
   
                
     
        
Header
               
Value
               
                 
        
Date and time
        
{date_time}
         
                 
        
Client host
          
{client_host}
       
                 
        
Client port
          
{client_port}
      
                 
        
Command
              
{command}
           
                 
        
Path
                 
{path}
              
                
   
                                '''    def do_GET(self):        page = self.create_page()        self.send_content(page)    def create_page(self):        values = {            'date_time': self.date_time_string(),            'client_host': self.client_address[0],            'client_port': self.client_address[1],            'command': self.command,            'path': self.path        }        page = self.Page.format(**values) #dict为参数的传递方式  **        return page    def send_content(self,page):        self.send_response(200)        self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")        self.send_header("Content-length", str(len(self.Page)))  # 字符串类型        self.end_headers()        self.wfile.write(page.encode()) #这里必须转化威字节（bytes）类型 否则报错if __name__ == '__main__':    print("server start...")    serverAddr = ('',9999) #链接不上可能是端口号被占用 换个试试    server = HTTPServer(serverAddr,RequestHandler)    server.serve_forever()

3、增加了对路径的异常处理：

# _*_coding :utf-8 _*_import httpieimport sys,osfrom http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServerclass RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):    '''处理请求并返回页面'''    # 页面模板    Page = '''                                    
   
                
     
        
Header
               
Value
               
                 
        
Date and time
        
{date_time}
         
                 
        
Client host
          
{client_host}
       
                 
        
Client port
          
{client_port}
      
                 
        
Command
              
{command}
           
                 
        
Path
                 
{path}
              
                
   
                                '''    Error_Page = """\                        
Error accessing {path}
        
{msg}
                     """    def do_GET(self):        try:            #文件完整路径            full_path = os.getcwd() + self.path            #如果该路径不存在...            if not os.path.exists(full_path):            # 抛出异常：文件未找到                raise ServerException("'{0}' not found".format(self.path))            # 如果该路径是一个文件            elif os.path.isfile(full_path):            # 调用 handle_file 处理该文件                self.handle_file(full_path)            # 如果该路径不是一个文件            # 抛出异常：该路径为不知名对象            else:                raise ServerException("Unknown object '{0}'".format(self.path))        except Exception as msg: #msg则是上面抛出的信息            self.handle_error(msg)    def create_page(self):        values = {            'date_time': self.date_time_string(),            'client_host': self.client_address[0],            'client_port': self.client_address[1],            'command': self.command,            'path': self.path        }        page = self.Page.format(**values) #dict为参数的传递方式  **        return page    def send_content(self,page): #这里不再是个server1一样了  需要传参数page        self.send_response(200)        self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")        self.send_header("Content-length", str(len(self.Page)))  # 字符串类型        self.end_headers()        self.wfile.write(page.encode())       #这里必须转化威字节（bytes）类型 否则报错    def handle_file(self,full_path):        try:            with open(full_path,"r") as reader:  #读字节 故在sent_content()中不需要转化为bytes了                content = reader.read()            self.send_content(content)        except IOError as msg:            msg = "'{0}' cannot be read :{1}".format(self.path,msg)            self.handle_error(msg)    def handle_error(self,msg):        content = self.Error_Page.format(path = self.path,msg = msg)        self.send_content(content)class ServerException(Exception):    '''服务器内部错误'''    passif __name__ == '__main__':    print("server start...")    serverAddr = ('',9999) #链接不上可能是端口号被占用 换个试试    server = HTTPServer(serverAddr,RequestHandler)    server.serve_forever()

plain.html为自己创建的静态网页

4、增加了代码的重构，更加简明，易扩展

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import sys, os, subprocessfrom http.server import HTTPServer,BaseHTTPRequestHandler#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------class ServerException(Exception):    '''服务器内部错误'''    pass#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------class base_case(object):    '''条件处理基类'''    def handle_file(self, handler, full_path):        try:            with open(full_path, 'r') as reader: #这里不要直接读城b 的否则会与下面的decode冲突                content = reader.read()            handler.send_content(content)        except IOError as msg:            msg = "'{0}' cannot be read: {1}".format(full_path, msg)            handler.handle_error(msg)    def index_path(self, handler):        return os.path.join(handler.full_path, 'index.html')    def test(self, handler):        assert False, 'Not implemented.'    def act(self, handler):        assert False, 'Not implemented.'#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------class case_no_file(base_case):    '''文件或目录不存在'''    def test(self, handler):        return not os.path.exists(handler.full_path)    def act(self, handler):        raise ServerException("'{0}' not found".format(handler.path))#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------class case_cgi_file(base_case):    '''可执行脚本'''    def run_cgi(self, handler):        data = subprocess.check_output(["python", handler.full_path])        handler.send_content(data)    def test(self, handler):        return os.path.isfile(handler.full_path) and handler.full_path.endswith('.py')    def act(self, handler):        self.run_cgi(handler)#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------class case_existing_file(base_case):    '''文件存在的情况'''    def test(self, handler):        return os.path.isfile(handler.full_path)    def act(self, handler):        self.handle_file(handler, handler.full_path)#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------class case_directory_index_file(base_case):    '''在根路径下返回主页文件'''    def test(self, handler):        return os.path.isdir(handler.full_path) and os.path.isfile(self.index_path(handler))    def act(self, handler):        self.handle_file(handler, self.index_path(handler))#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------class case_always_fail(base_case):    '''默认处理'''    def test(self, handler):        return True    def act(self, handler):        raise ServerException("Unknown object '{0}'".format(handler.path))#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):    '''    请求路径合法则返回相应处理    否则返回错误页面    '''    Cases = [case_no_file(),             case_cgi_file(),             case_existing_file(),             case_directory_index_file(),             case_always_fail()]    # 错误页面模板    Error_Page = """                        
Error accessing {path}
        
{msg}
                        """    def do_GET(self):        try:            # 得到完整的请求路径            self.full_path = os.getcwd() + self.path            # 遍历所有的情况并处理            for case in self.Cases:                if case.test(self):                    case.act(self)                    break        # 处理异常        except Exception as msg:            self.handle_error(msg)    def handle_error(self, msg):        content = self.Error_Page.format(path=self.path, msg=msg)        self.send_content(content, 404)    # 发送数据到客户端    def send_content(self, content, status=200):        self.send_response(status)        self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))        self.end_headers()        self.wfile.write(content.encode())#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------if __name__ == '__main__':    print("server start...")    serverAddress = ('', 9999)    server = HTTPServer(serverAddress, RequestHandler)    server.serve_forever()

此时的 状态为 404了

参考：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/21323273?utm_source=qq&utm_medium=social